Ramngaw thiah a that lohna tlemte

             Phul hmun atanga ramngaw tha tak insiam thei tur hian kum 50 atanga kum 100 lai a ngai a. Kan zo tlangram, ngaw hmun leh kawltu chawi loh zobawm thing hmun ngaw dur dup te ho kha tunah chuan thlawhbaw ram, luang hmun, di hmun leh phul hmunah te an chang zo tawh a, ram chhia, engmah thar chhuah theih tawh lohna hmunah a chang zo tawh anih hi. Ngaw thiaha tihchhiat (deforestation) hi a harsa lova, ramngaw din thar leh erawh a hautakin kum tam tak a ngai tawh thin.

             Kan ram hi kan hriat theuh angin leilung hausakna, heng lungalhthei, petroleum, leh minerals hlu tak tak rangkachak, lunghlu, thir, silver, aluminium, etc. ah te hausakna a nei lem lova. Kan ram hausakna chu ramngaw ah a innghat tlat a. Thing leh mau leh ramsa chi hrang hrang te hi kan ram leilung hausakna a ni. Heng te hi renewable resources an nih lai hian, kan enkawl that lohva, kan humhalh that loh chuan non-renewable ah an chang zo vek mai dawn a ni. Hei vang hian kan ramngaw te hi kan humhalh a tul takzet a ni.

            Pi leh pu te hunlai atanga kan cultivation system hman thin, tun thlenga kan thlah theih reng reng loh, shifting cultivation hian ram a tichhe nasa em em a, khauvin thlai hmun a suasam ang maiin a kumtelin ram a eichhe duai duai mai anih hi. He system hi bansan a, huan nghet neih lamah te, leilet leh wet terrace neih lamah kan kal a hun khawp mai.

Ramngaw thiah that lohna te:

Ramngaw thiah that lohna hrang hrang kan hre tam tawh na a, tlem ka han ziak ve hrim hrim teh ang.

1. Ramsa te chenna hmun kan tichhia:

              Ramngaw hi ramsa te tan chenna hmun nuam, riahna leh eitur tha awmna a ni a. An chenna hmun kan tihchhiat belh zel vangin kan ramah ramsa an tlem em em tawh a ni. Ramngaw kan thiah hian ramsate chenna hmun kan tihchhiatsak tihna a ni. Ramsate chenna hmun a chhiat chuan chenna tur hmundang an mamawh a, hmundangah an pem chhuah a lo ngai ta thin a ni. Kan rama hi Kristian ram a ni a, Kristian ramah ramsa te tan chenna hmun tha kan zuah sak thei lova, an chenna hmun kan tihram sak zel anih chuan, thil zahthlak tak a ni ang. Tuhmaa kan rama ramsa cheng tam tak te kha, tunah chuan hmuh mai mai tur an awm ta lo. Khawnge an awm zawh tak le? Kan ramah hian an cheng ngam ta lo a ni thei ang em?

             Ramsa mawi ti taka thlir liam ngai miah lo hnam kan ni a, ramsa ramtla lai thla lak tuma veh veh phei chu kan la tlem hmel khawp mai. Ramsa ramtla lai hmuh chuan thal tawp duhna rilru hi kan la paih hlei thei lo.

2. Ramsa te eitur kan tihbo sak:

               Lo kan vah hian kang tha hle se tia kan duh avangin thing kan zuah meuh lova, sava rahtlan tha tak pawh awm se, kan zuah chuang lo. Kumtin ram kan vah chereu zel avangin rahtlan kan kit thlu zo ta a, kan ramah sava leh ramsa te'n eitur an nei tawh lova, a pembo thei thei an pem bo mai thin.

3. Shade loving plants tan hmun a awm ta lo:

             Thlai te hi chi hnih hlawm lian tak takah then an ni a. Hlawm khat chu nisa hnuaia tha taka to chi, nisa hmuh that loh chuan thang tha thei lo an ni a, chi khat dang leh chu daihlim hnuaiah chauhva cheng thei an ni. A hmasa zawk hi Sciophytes (sun-loving plants) an ti a, a hnuhnung zawk hi Heliophytes (shade-loving plants) an ti bawk. Ramngaw kan thiah chuan chu ngaw hnuaia to ve thin Heliophytes tam tak te chu an an tuar nasa bik em em a. A hnuah chulai hmunah chuan lo tiakin lo to thar ve leh pawh nise, a zar hlim duaitu leh vawng dai ruaitu ramngaw a awm tawh dawn loh vangin a tiak chhun te pawh an than a tha lo ang a, an survive ve zo tawh kher lovang.

4. Leilung vawng daitu kan thai bo:

             Ramngaw hian leilung a vawng dai tlat a. Nisa lutuk ina lei a chhun sa tur lakah a veng tlat a ni. Hei vang hian leilunga hnawng awm te tuihu ah an kalral chak lova. Luite tui pawh tuihu ah a kal ral chak lova, leilungah hnawng a tam bawk avangin luite te pawh thal laiin an kangchat ngai lo. Ngaw thiah chereu a lo nih hian chunglai ram chu nitin nisensa takin a chhun a, khua a lumin boruak a khawro va, a lum huam huam a, leilunga hnawng awmte tuihu ah an kalral zung zung a, luite tui pawh tuihu ah a kalral nasa em em a, a chawmtu tuihna a lo tlem a, thalah a kangchat mai thin. Vawng daitu ngaw a awm loh vangin leilung a lo sa  a, a ram pumin boruak a lum huam huam thin a. Boruak a khawro leh a sat em vangin thlai atanga tui chhuak (transpiration) pawh a sang hle a, chuvang chuan leilunga tui awm te thlaiin a hip chhuah nasat phah hle bawk a ni. Luite za tam tak kangchat chuan luipui tuikuang pawh nasatakin a tihniam lo thei thin lo a ni.
 

5. Tuihawk a tam, a nu, a luang chak bawk:

           Ramngaw ah ruah a sur chuan ruahmalin thingzar leh a hnahte a deng hmasa a, thingkung leh hnah atangin zawitein a far thla fep fep a, chung ruahmal far te chu direct takin leiah an far thla lo. Thing hnuaia forest litter inchhek khawmah te a far thla a, chumi hnuah chauh leilung a thleng thla thin. Forest litter hnuaiah hian hnim tawih tawh leh leilunga insiam mek humus soil an awm a, chung te chuan tui an pawm em em a. A tam thei ang ber lei hnuai lamah an luhtir thin. Tin, ruahtui tam tak takin thing kung a a zul a, thing bul atangin leilungah tui a lut thla thin bawk. Leilung kal ral a tlem avangin tuihawk pawh a nu ve but but ngai meuh thin lova. Tuihawk pawh, a lo dangtu tur thing leh mau, leh ngaw hnuaia perhte te an tam vangin a luang chak lutuk lova, lei chunglang hang tha a luang ral tlem bik a, tuihawk a chak loh bik avangin tuilian pawh a siam nep bik thin. 

            Ngaw a awm tawh loh chuan leilung a lo sa a, a khawrova, a lo phut ta a. Chutah ruah a lo sur a, ruahsurin direct takin leilung a rawn deng hmiah hmiah a, leichar khawroah tui a lut tha thei si lova, tuihawk a lo tam a, lei vut nawi tuihawkin a len ral hiau hiau bawk a. Ruamrai khat huam chhunga tuihawk nasatak luang khawm chuan tuilian nasa tak leh force nasa tak a siam a, chu chuan luikam leilung nasatakin a ti riral a, hmun thenkhatah phei chuan chhiatna nasa tak a thlen thei thin.

6.  Lei chunglang hang tha a bo

           Point 5-na a ka sawi tawh ang khian ramngaw a awm loh chuan leilung a khawrova, a phut a, ruahin a nan a, tuihawk a tam a, a luang chak bawk a, chuvang chuan lei chunglang hang tha te pawh tuihawkin a len ral hmiah hmiah thin a. A len bo tawh chu, engtik khawtik ah mah a rawn let tawh lovang. Lei chunglang hang tha kutphah beng vela chhah siam tur hian kum 100 tam tak a mamawh thin. Kan ramchhia (degraded land) te hi han en chiang ila, lei tak leh hang tha a pan em em a, leitha pawh a awm chang chang a ni. Khawnge an awm zawh tak? Silchar phai leh Bangladesh phai ruam vela loneitu te khu kan leitha hmangin kan chawm tih hi kan hre lo fo thin.


7. Chak lakna hmun a tlem zel

             Thingtlangpa tan chuan ramngaw hi a hlu takzet a, a mamawh chak lakna hmunpui ber pakhat a ni. Huan hung nan mau a mamawh a, thil tawn nan hnang a mamawh a, ban phun nan thingtuai a mamawh a, tuah atan thing a mamawh a, insakna hmanrua zawng zawng deuhthaw ramngaw atangin a la bawk thin. Mamawh tawk lek lek lak hian ramngaw a tichereu lova, duhamna avanga sumdawnna hian ramngaw a tichereu va, tin kan loneih dan shifting cultivation hian ramngaw a tichhe nasa em em bawk thin. Ramngaw a chereu zel avangin thingtlangpa tan pawh chak lakna tur hmun a tlem tawh a, tunhmaa dai hnai lawk lawk ami an lak thin mai ang kha a ni tawh lova, ram hla tak tak ami va lak a ngai tawh thin. Mau pu khat lek keuh tur pawhin patlingin nileng hun hmanral a ngai tawh. Thingtlangpa chuan bawngtuthlawh ha leh hrei ha atan thing tha kher a duh thin a, bawngtuthlawh ha leh hrei ha tur zawng turin ramhnuai hla tak a pan vang vang a ngai tawh bawk.

8.  Forest hi food resources tha a nia sin

            Kan ramngaw hi thingtlanga cheng te tan chuan food resource tha lutuk a ni a. Mautuai, hruizik, tumbu, aidu, changkhen/kawhtebel, khaum leh thei rah chi hrang hrang (theikhawkham, thei kum, lenhmui, ramtheihai, bil, tuaitit, theitat, tatkawng, etc.) an lakna hmun a ni a. Ramngaw kan thiah nasat tawh lutuk vangin heng kan chawhmeh tha leh hlu tak tak te hi mi nazawng lak phakah an awm tawh lova, kan thei tui tak tak te pawh an vang em em tawh a ni.

9. Green house effect laka min vengtu a ni

           Ramngaw thing lian tak tak te hi carbon dioxide sink tha tak an ni a. Photosysthesis laiin carbon dioxide a hiplut a, chu carbon compound tangkai tak tak a siam chhuak a, chung te chu a taksa (biomass) ah a dahtha zel a. Hei vang hian photosynthesis hi carbon dioxide fixation an ti bawk. Carbon dioxide hi greenhouse effect thlen theitu boruak (greenhouse gas) tam tak zinga a pawimawh ber pakhat a ni a. Boruaka carbon dioxide content sang lutuk tur kha thing kung hian a taksaah a lo dah that then avangin carbon dioxide hi kan atmosphere ah a tlem phah thin. Ramngaw kan thiah hian carbon dioxide boruakah kan chhuah a, chu mai bakah a dah thatna store kan chhu chim bawk.

10. Leilunga nutrients let leh tur kan dangchat

          Thingkung lian tak tak te'n leilung atangin chawtha an hip khawm a, an taksa ah an dah tha a. A hnah tla, a rah tla, a par tla leh a tang leia tla te chu an lo tawih a, leitha ah changin nutrients te chu leilungah vek an let leh thin. Ramngaw ah hian microbial population a sang a, thil pawh an ei tawih (biodegradation) chak hle thin. Hnah tla te rang takin an tawih a, rang takin leitha a insiam a, nutrients te pawh leilungah rang takin a luang chhuak thin. Chung leilunga nutrients rang taka lo chhuak te chu thing zung tha tak taka inkaih te chuan rang takin a hip lut leh nghal thin bawk. Thing atangin lei ah, lei atangin thingah vek a let leh a, a kual a kual thin. Hei hi nutrient cycle an ti. Ngaw kan thiat a, kan halral vek hian leilunga nutrients let leh tur awm miah lovin kan ti riral vek thin tihna a ni a. Chung nutrients hlu tak tak te chu chatuan atana leilunga let leh tawh  ngai lo turin a thamral thin.


           Kan chenna leh khawsak ve na atana Pathian min pek ram hi, mite ram angin leilungah hausa lek luk ve lo mahse, thing leh mau, ramsa chi hrang hrangah kan hausa hle a. Hetiang resource hi enkawl that chuan ral ve mai mai thei lo resources (renewable resources) an ni a. Kan dimdawia kan enkawl that a, nungcha kan humhalh thiam a, an chenna tur ramngaw kan humhalh thiam hi a tul khawp mai. Kan resources tha tak tak te hi dimna leh uina nei hauh lovin kan hal kang hluah hluah zel anih hi. Ramngaw thiah hi thil harsa a ni lova, a din thar leh erawh hna hautak theihtawp ani thung. Kumtina kan thing phun ve leuh leuh hmang hian ramngaw kan siam thei ngawt miah lo, phun hnuah nasatak enkawl zui a ngai, chu chu kan peih tawh ngai reng reng lo. Hei vang hian kan ramngaw neih te hi kan duat thiam a ngai khawp mai. A chhunga cheng, a neitu te hian kan humhalh a, kan roh hle loh chuan tumahin min rawn humhalh sak dawn reng reng lo a ni tih hi kan hriat nawn fo a tul khawp mai.

                                (In hriat hnu vek ka rawn tuai thar leh pek anih hi)