Nuhnun (Thingfanghma)

           Nuhnun hi saw lamah chuan Thingfanghma an ti. Sap ho chuan papaya an ti ve thung. Khawvel hmun hrang hrangah hming koh dan a inan loh nuaih vangin hming intawm tur atan Carica papaya tiin scientific name phuah sak a ni bawk. A hming kan koh dan a danglam na a, kei atan chuan a tui dan a danglam chuang reng reng lo. "Nuhnun" han tih hnap mai hi a hlut hmel bikin a tui hmel bik riau alawm. Nuhnun kan tih nachhan awm hi ka reng reng lova, nu hnute a an vang pawh a ni thei a; anih loh vek leh, nau hnuchham leh hnute kham lo tan chaw hiala a rin theih vang te pawh a ni mahna. A enga pawh chu ni ta sela, a hming lam hi a pawimawh ber lo tih erawh a chiang reng. Ka lo seilenpui leh ka lo than hnan tawh anih viau vangin thingfanghma ti lovin nuhnun tiin ka lam zel dawn.

         Kan kawtkai maiah nuhnun ka ching ve chhin mai mai a, naupang in an lawm khawp mai:

A chi:

           Heta "a chi" ka han tih hi seed ni lovin a chi hrang ka sawina a ni. Nuhnun hi dioecious plant an ni a. Kung khatah a nu par a awm a, a kung dangah a pa par a awm bawk. A nu leh a pa an awm hrang tihna anih ber mai chu. Nuhnun rah hi a nu kungah a awm thin a, chuvang chuan a nu kung chauh hi chin a ni duh khawp mai. Mithiam te chuan nuhnun kung 10 bawr vel zingah a pa kung pakhat awm ve se a tha, a rah pawh a thlum bik tiin an sawi thin. A thiam zawk leh a hre zawk te sawi hi chu han awih zel phawt mai ila.

           Tunlai khawvel finna kal chho zel ina a ken tel ve reng chu plant breeding hi a ni a. Plant breeding hmang hian thlai variety thar kan nei thei reng thin. Nuhnun pawh hi breeding technique hmangin variety thar a chhuak fo thin. Tunah phei chuan recombinant DNA Technology hmangin awlsam takin desired gene te hi an transfer zung zung tawh leh nghal. Hei vang hian nuhnun ringawt pawh hi variety hrang hrang a awm nual tawh nghe nghe. 

           Kan rama kan lo chinsa hi chu local variety a ni mai a. Kan hriat theuh angin a nu kung a awm a, a pa kung a awm bawk. Nuhnun kung han neih ve a, a pa kung a nih thuau mai chuan a zia lo thei hle ang le.Nuhnun chungchang bikah hi chuan a nu lam chan a tha tlat.

           Variety dang: Local variety kan neih bak hi a dang tam tak a awm a. A pa kung awm miah lo variety te hial pawh a rawn chhuah tak hi. Dwarf variety a awm a, chu chu pot a chin tham lek leka hniam leh te a ni thin. Sinta variety kan ching chhin a, chu chu semi-dwarf a ni. Sinta variety ho hi hermophrodite an ni a, a pa kung a awm lo. Coorg Honey Dew ho pawh hi a nu kung leh hermophrodite chauh an ni a, a pa a awm lo bawk. Ramhnuaia kan chin chu an thi vek tawh (a puitlin hmain khau in a hnah kuang hnuai lam leh a zik no an bawm nasa lutuk a, min ei chhiat sak vek). Variety thenkhat te chu Coorg Honey Dew, Solo, Pusa Dwarf, Pusa giant, Pusa Majesty, Pusa Delicious, Washington, Ranchi, CO.1 CO.2, Sunrise, Taiwan, etc... Nuhnun chi hi a to hle a. Hybrid seeds ho phei chu a man a to thin hle.

Nuhnun chin dan:

           A china chin ralah chuan nuhnun chin hi tih fuhloh a awl ber chuan ka hria. A phun sawn a harsa a, phunsawn hi a tha mawhin a nung mawh em em thin. A chin dan tha ber chu khur lai ila, khur mawngah chuan lung tlem dah ila, chu khurah chuan ranek thi tawh leh lei inchawhpawlh chhung khat ila. Leitha NPK inpawlh mawi tawk takin tlem pawlh tel ila. Meihawl tlem dah tel hi a tha an ti bawk. Khur laih hi a hahthlakin a buaithlak deuh na a, khur laih nge nge tluk a awm lo. Khur laih miah lohva nuhnun tiak 50 ai chuan uluk taka khur laihsa thlapa tiak nuhnun chu 30 lek pawh nise, an than a tha zawk a, an puitling tha zawk a, a thar chhuah pawh a hlawk zawk nge nge thin bawk. Khur inkar hlat zawng hi a chi hrang a zir zelin tih danglam mai tur. Inkar hnaih lutuk a tha lova, mahse inkar hlat lutuka chin chu a hlawk lo. Semi-dwarf ho hi 2 metres inkar hlatah a phun theih a, a aia lian hlek ho hi 2.5 metres kar danah a phun theih bawk. Uluk tak leh tlar fel taka chin anih chuan hectare khat bialah kung 500 vel phun len theih tur a ni ang a, mahse a ram awih dan a zir te, a variety kan chin duh a zir tein hectare khat biala phun theih zat erawh a in ang lo viau thei tho ang. Chin tam deuh tum tan chuan ram awih chhe lutuk lo kha thlan mai tur a ni.

           A chi tha chi ni kher lo i ching duh anih chuan a kunga hmin ngei lei la, a mu la chhuak rawh, a mu tuamtu kha hmeh keh ngei ngei tur a ni. Fai takin sil la, phoro lah dahtha hmaks rawh. Tichuan i duh hun takah i ching dawn nia.

           He khur hi thal lai ngeiin siam ni se. Ruah a hnai ta maw tih veleh nuhnun chi 3 emaw vel dah ila. Ruah rawn sur chuan a rawn ti tiak mai dawn a ni. Khur khatah 3 lai a rawn tiak dawn si a, chung a tiak pathum te zinga a tha ber, a bul lian ber chauh chu zuah tur a ni. Nuhnun hian tui an mamawh rualin tui tlin theihna hmun erawh an ngeih miah lo tih hriat tur. Dam a chin aiin nikang hmuna chin hi an ngeih zawk a, a rah pawh a thlum tha zawk bawk. Thei kan chin reng rengin a kung bul, a bikin a chhak lam hi, laih zawl deuh ngei ngei tur a ni. A tira laih zawl hlek loh chuan a hnuah leitha pawh han pe dawn ila a buaithlak duh khawp mai. Ran ek leitha hmanga i chawm dawn anih chuan, i ran ek chu thi tawh a ni tur a ni a, a rovin a dip tha bawk tur a ni.

Nuhnun ina chawtha a pai te:

Nuhnun rah hmin gram 100 zelin a pai thin te hi i han thlir chhin ang hmiang (source: Wikipedia):

Energy                          163 kJ (39 kcal) Carbohydrates               9.81 g Sugars                           5.90 g Dietary fibre                  1.8 g Fat                                0.14 g Protein                          0.61 g Vitamin A equiv.            328 μg (36%) Thiamine (Vit. B1)         0.04 mg (3%) Riboflavin (Vit. B2)        0.05 mg (3%) Niacin (Vit. B3)             0.338 mg (2%) Vitamin B6                    0.1 mg (8%) Folate (Vit. B9)             38 μg (10%) Vitamin C                      61.8 mg (103%) Calcium                        24 mg (2%) Iron                              0.10 mg (1%) Magnesium                   10 mg (3%) Phosphorus                   5 mg (1%) Potassium                     257 mg (5%) Sodium                         3 mg (0%)

Papain:

           Protein pai tawih thei tu enzyme a awm a, chu chu protease an ti. He enzyme hian protein a pai tawih chuan amino acid molecules  ah a chantir thin a ni. Nuhnun rah hring hnai ah hian chemical pawimawh tak mai a awm a, chu chemical chu Papain a ni a, chu papain chu enzyme protease chikhat a ni a, a nihna dik tak phei chu cysteine protease a ni. Papain hi nuhnun rah hring hnai atangin an la thin a, hnuhnun hnai (latex) an lak khawm te chu an ti ro va. Chu chu manto takin an zuar thin. Mizoramah ngei pawh hian nuhnun hnai zawrh tur atana nuhnun hmun siam ka hria. Amah pawh a rawn leng zeuh zeuh tawh. Hlawk lo sela chuan an siam peih hauh lovang le. 

           Papain hi sa tih nem nan a tangkai em rm a. Thenkhat chuan bawngsa ah hian nuhnun hnah an thlak tel thin (mahse ka la ei chhin miah lo). Food industry lamah chuan he papain hi an hmang tangkai hle niawm a ni. Allergy a siam ve thih thin vangin nuhnun hnai lak erawh fimkhur a ngai deuh.

Taksa tana a thatna:

           Taksa tana a thatna hi ka hre thuk lem lo hle a. A rah hmin hi a thlum hle a, tui ti takin ka ei fo thin.A bak hi chu ka hre ril lo hle.

           Nuhnun hian vitamin A a pai avangin mit tan a tha a, anti-oxidants a pai tel avangin lung (heart) lam pang tan a tha bawk. Vitamin C a pai hnem hle bawk. Pumpai tinuamtu a ni a, pum tha lo leh chak lo tan a tha hle. Hmeichhe thi neih chiang kuang lo tan a tha bawk nia ngaih a ni. Hmaia spot awm te pawh a tireh thei nia sawi a ni a, chuap tan a tha  an ti bawk. Taksa tana a thatna sawi tur awm miah lo pawh ni ta tehreng se, a tuina hrim hrim hi a hlu ka ti.

Thei thar rang tak a ni:

          Thei kung ho hi a than chhung a rei tlangpui a, kum 5 hnu lama rah thin te an ni tlangpui. Nuhnun erawh a rah hma hle. Kum 2008 June thla ah kan in kiangah ka phun a, rin ai takin a thang tha a, kawng thleng vela sang anihin a par nghal mai. Mahse hemi tuma a par hian rah a chhuah lova, a til leh vek. Mahse ka phun atanga kum khat anih meuh chuan a rah der tawh.Kum khat ah a rah der tihna anih chu.

           Enge maw han ziak hlek ila, a sei viau zel mai a. Nuhnun hi taksa tan a tha a, a chawtha pai ringawt pawh hi hlu tham tak tur chu a ni. A tuiin ei a nuam em em a, paih tur a tlem thin hle. A rah hi a puam tan tirh laiin lawh ila, ni rei vaklo um ila, a kung hmin nen a inthlau lem lo hle. A kung ngeia hmin hi chu duhthusam anih rualin tam tham deuh hlek lawh tur chuan tih chhiat palh a hlauhawm deuh.

Rethei dawm kanna tha ani thei ang em le?

             Nuhnun hi thei manto tak mai a ni a. A pum te deuh ho hi tunlaiin Rs 20 man vel a ni tlangpui a, a pum lian deuh chu Rs 30, Rs 40, Rs 50 man lai te pawh hmuh tur a awm fo thin. Kan ram te ang tlangram, thli tamna hmunah chuan a rah tam lutuk thin lova, kung khatah 20 atanga 30 te a rah tlangpui thin a. A that duhna hmunah chuan kung khatah 100 lai te pawh a rah thei niin ziak a ni bawk. Economic Botany (by S. Sen) ah phei chuan kung khatah rah 150 lai a awm thei tiin a ziak nghe nghe. Eng pawh nise, kung khatah 30 chauh pawh awm se, kung 500 nei ta ila. A vawi khat rah ah pum 15,000 kan thar thei dawn tihna a lo ni a. Pum khat Rs 20 in khar chhawn tir ta vek mai ila, a vawi khat rah atang ngawt pawhin Rs 300,000 lai kan hmu chhuak thei dawn tihna a lo ni. Huanah bawngvulh i awmtir phei chuan bawngvulh tu in i huan a veng ang a, bawnghnute a thlawnin a pe ang chia, a bawngek leitha hmangin i thlai leh i nuhnun kungte i chawm thei reng bawk ang. Hlep hlir, hlep hlir a ni mai.

             Hmmm... Hei hi chu pakla hisap mai a nia. Hlawhtling tur chuan hah hnep hnawp leh thlan tla zawih zawih khawpa thawhrim a ngai tih erawh hriat reng tur. Thawhrimna phenah chauh hlawhtlinna a awm si a. Kan ram hi han thlir ila, thlai chin theihna tur hmun tha a tam lutuk, tihtakzet a beih chu nise intodelhna tham tur hmun a awm. Huan ar hmai tiat lek kan han nei ve leuh leuh a, kan lung a awi  a, kan thaw a veng ve em em thin. Antam huan zimte kan nei a, taima kan inti ve em em a, mi fate chuan antam ringawt tin 10 vel hmun tur an ching a, balhla ringawt pawh hectare bial tam tak khat tlatin an ching asin. Nuhnun/thingfanghma pawh hi buaipui tham khawpa zau huanah 'a maka maka tam' ching ta ila, hah zawng kan hahpui ngei ang, mahse kan hlawkpui khawpin ka ring. Ei hmuhna tham lawih khawpa zau huan neih a, hlawk tham tur khawpa thawhrim hi intihhmuh a hun khawp mai.


(Note: Nuhnun leh balhla hmang hian research beih ka lo tum ve uk tawh a, mahse thatchhe tan hlawhtlinna a awm lo tih thu tichiangtu atan pawh a ni mahna, ka hlawhchham fithla thak a ni tih hi ka han ziak lang ve reng reng ang e)